What Is Atypical Depression in Relationships? Symptoms & Remedies

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Depression can affect individuals in various ways, and when it occurs within a relationship, it can have a significant impact on both partners. Atypical depression in relationships refers to a subtype of depression that presents with unique symptoms and requires specific attention. 

Understanding the characteristics, symptoms, causes, and potential treatments for atypical depression in relationships is crucial for nurturing a healthier and more supportive partnership.

What is atypical depression in a relationship?

Atypical depression, when it occurs within a relationship, can manifest in unique ways that differentiate it from classical forms of depression. 

Unlike typical depression, which often leads to decreased appetite and insomnia, atypical depression, also called atypical depressive disorder, might involve increased appetite and excessive sleep. So, to answer your question, “Can depression cause a loss of appetite?” yes, it can, but not in the case of atypical depression.

Crucially, in the context of a relationship, individuals with atypical depression may show heightened sensitivity to perceived rejection or criticism, leading to significant emotional pain and strain in the relationship. 

They might also exhibit a mood heavily influenced by external events, meaning their emotional state can improve temporarily in response to positive events yet quickly deteriorate when facing challenges or conflicts within the relationship. This pattern can create a roller-coaster-like relationship dynamic marked by unpredictability and intense emotional responses.

What is the difference between typical and atypical depression in a relationship?

In understanding the difference between typical and atypical depression within the context of a relationship, it’s helpful to compare them side-by-side. Here’s a table that highlights the key distinctions:

Looking at the table, you ask, why does depression cause a lack of appetite? Depression affects brain chemicals regulating mood and hunger signals. In the case of atypical depression, there is usually an increase in appetite because of altered neurochemicals leading to mood-dependent eating behaviors.

9 common symptoms of atypical depression in a relationship

Atypical depression can affect personal relationships in unique ways. While the core elements of depression, such as sadness and loss of interest, are present, atypical depression includes additional symptoms that can profoundly impact interpersonal dynamics. 

Understanding these symptoms is crucial in identifying and addressing the challenges they pose in a relationship. Here are nine common symptoms of atypical depression in a relationship:

1. Mood reactivity

In atypical depression, there is a significant mood improvement in response to positive events, unlike in typical depression. 

The reactivity can lead to fluctuations in emotional states within a relationship, where the individual may experience temporary happiness during pleasant moments but quickly return to a depressed state when faced with challenges or a lack of positive stimuli.

In cases of atypical bipolar depression, individuals may go through phases of abnormally elevated mood as well as episodes of depression.

2. Increased appetite and weight gain

Individuals with atypical depression often experience an increased appetite, which can lead to weight gain. This symptom can affect self-esteem and body image, potentially creating tension and insecurity in the relationship, as the individual may feel less attractive or worry about their partner’s perception of their physical changes.

For example, one partner begins to eat more frequently, especially comfort foods, leading to noticeable weight gain. They express concerns about their changing body and fear their partner may find them less attractive.

3. Hypersomnia

Excessive sleeping is a common symptom of atypical depression. This can disrupt normal relationship routines and reduce the time spent together, as the individual may spend extensive hours sleeping. It can also affect the couple’s social life and shared activities, leading to feelings of disconnect and isolation.

4. Heavy, leaden feelings in arms or legs

A sensation of heaviness or lethargy in the limbs is a distinctive symptom of atypical depression. This physical manifestation can hinder the individual’s ability to participate in activities or chores, placing additional strain on the partner and potentially leading to resentment or frustration in the relationship.

5. Long-standing pattern of sensitivity to rejection

People with atypical depression often exhibit an acute sensitivity to rejection or criticism. This can make navigating conflicts in a relationship particularly challenging, as even mild criticisms or disagreements may be perceived as profound rejections, leading to intense emotional responses and potential relationship strife.

6. Significant social impairment

Atypical depression can lead to difficulties in social functioning, including within intimate relationships. 

The individual may struggle with social cues or withdraw from social activities, which can place a strain on the relationship, particularly if the partner values social interaction or feels the burden of compensating for their partner’s social withdrawal.

7. Interpersonal issues

Individuals with atypical depression may face significant challenges in forming and maintaining healthy interpersonal relationships. They might be overly dependent or clingy, seeking constant reassurance and validation from their partner, which can create an unbalanced and strained dynamic in the relationship.

8. Emotional overreactions to events

Emotional responses in atypical depression can be exaggerated or inappropriate to the situation. In a relationship, this can manifest as overreacting to minor issues, causing conflicts to escalate unnecessarily and creating a turbulent and unpredictable emotional environment.

For example, a slight misunderstanding, like a misinterpreted text message, causes an intense emotional reaction from the partner with atypical depression, leading to an argument disproportionate to the situation.

9. Difficulty maintaining a positive self-image

Atypical depression often involves struggles with self-esteem and self-image. In a relationship, this can lead to constant self-doubt and insecurity, where the individual may frequently seek reassurance or question their partner’s feelings toward them, potentially leading to strain and frustration in the relationship.

5 potential causes of atypical depression

Atypical depression, while sharing commonalities with other forms of depression, arises from a complex interplay of various factors. So, what causes atypical depression? Unlike more conventional types of depression, its causes are often characterized by unique biological, psychological, and environmental influences. 

Understanding these causes is essential for effective treatment and management. Here are five potential causes of atypical depression, each explained in detail:

1. Genetic factors

Genetics can play a significant role in the development of atypical depression. If a close family member has a history of depression or other mood disorders, the likelihood of developing atypical depression increases. 

The genetic predisposition suggests a hereditary component, where certain genes associated with mood regulation may be inherited, increasing susceptibility to this form of depression.

2. Neurochemical imbalances

Atypical depression can be associated with imbalances in neurotransmitters, the chemicals in the brain responsible for mood regulation. Specifically, irregularities in serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine levels are often observed. These imbalances can affect mood, appetite, sleep, and overall emotional well-being, contributing to the unique symptoms of atypical depression.

3. Chronic stress and life events

Persistent stress, traumatic events, or significant life changes can trigger atypical depression. Unlike typical depression, where such events might lead to a consistent low mood, in atypical depression, these stressors can result in mood reactivity and heightened sensitivity to environmental changes. 

How an individual responds to emotional and physical stress plays a key role in the onset of this condition.

4. Hormonal changes

Hormonal fluctuations can also contribute to the development of atypical depression. Changes in hormone levels, such as those during puberty, pregnancy, postpartum, menopause, or due to thyroid problems, can impact mood and emotional regulation. 

These hormonal shifts may specifically trigger the symptoms characteristic of atypical depression, such as mood reactivity and hypersomnia.

5. Personality traits and coping styles

Certain personality traits, such as a heightened sensitivity to rejection or criticism, and specific coping styles, like avoidance or dependence, can predispose an individual to atypical depression. 

These traits and coping mechanisms can affect how a person deals with stress and interpersonal relationships, making them more susceptible to developing the unique symptomatology of atypical depression.

7 possible treatments for atypical depression in a relationship

Performing an atypical depression test and treating it, especially within the context of a relationship, requires a multifaceted approach that addresses both the individual’s unique symptoms and interpersonal dynamics. 

Effective treatment often involves a combination of psychological therapies, lifestyle adjustments, and, in some cases, medication. Here are seven possible treatments for atypical depression in a relationship:

1. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

CBT is a highly effective therapy for atypical depression. It involves identifying and changing negative thought patterns and behaviors. In the context of a relationship, CBT can help individuals learn to communicate more effectively, manage emotional responses to perceived rejection, and develop healthier coping strategies, thus improving relationship dynamics.

2. Interpersonal therapy (IPT)

IPT focuses on the individual’s relationships with others and is particularly beneficial for those with atypical depression. It helps individuals understand and work through problematic relationship patterns, improve communication skills, and increase emotional support, enhancing the quality of their romantic and other personal relationships.

3. Medication

Antidepressants, particularly SSRIs (Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors), can be effective in treating the symptoms of atypical depression. Medication can help balance neurochemicals, alleviating symptoms such as mood swings, hypersomnia, and increased appetite, which can, in turn, improve relationship dynamics.

4. Couples therapy

Engaging in couples therapy can be particularly beneficial for addressing the impact of atypical depression on a relationship. It provides a space for both partners to express their feelings and concerns, learn about the effects of depression on their relationship, and develop strategies to support each other.

5. Lifestyle modifications

Changes in lifestyle, such as regular exercise, a healthy diet, and adequate sleep, can significantly improve symptoms of atypical depression. These modifications can also have positive effects on the relationship by improving mood, energy levels, and overall well-being.

Check out this video featuring Dr. Benzio, a board-certified psychiatrist, as he discusses the dos and don’ts when your spouse is dealing with depression:

6. Mindfulness and stress reduction techniques

Practices like meditation, yoga, and mindfulness can help reduce stress and improve emotional regulation. These techniques can be particularly beneficial in managing mood reactivity and heightened sensitivity to rejection, which is characteristic of atypical depression.

7. Social support and community engagement

Strengthening social connections and engaging in community activities can provide emotional support and reduce feelings of isolation. For individuals in a relationship, expanding their social network can also alleviate the pressure on their partner to be their sole source of support, creating a healthier, more balanced relationship dynamic.

FAQs

Since atypical depression is a subtype of depression, it’s common to have various questions about it. Here are answers to some frequently asked questions about atypical depression:

• How common is atypical depression?

Atypical depression is fairly common, affecting a significant proportion of those diagnosed with depression. Its unique symptoms, like mood reactivity and increased appetite, distinguish it from more typical forms of depression.

• What are atypical antidepressants used for?

Atypical antidepressants are primarily used to treat depression, particularly when patients experience side effects or inadequate response to standard antidepressants. They work on different brain chemicals and may be effective for those with atypical depression symptoms.

• Can depression cause loss of appetite?

Yes, depression can cause a loss of appetite. While atypical depression often leads to increased appetite, traditional forms of depression are more likely to reduce appetite, contributing to weight loss and decreased interest in food.

• What is the drug of choice for atypical depression?

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are often considered the drug of choice for atypical depression. They are particularly effective for patients with specific symptoms like mood reactivity, increased appetite, and hypersomnia.

• Is atypical depression curable?

While atypical depression is not curable in the traditional sense, it is highly treatable. With appropriate medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes, many individuals with atypical depression can manage their symptoms effectively and lead fulfilling lives.

To sum up

Atypical depression is a distinct form of depression that presents unique challenges within a relationship. Its hallmark features, such as mood reactivity, increased appetite, hypersomnia, and heightened sensitivity to rejection, distinctly impact interpersonal dynamics. 

Understanding the underlying causes, which range from genetic predispositions to hormonal imbalances and specific personality traits, is crucial for effective treatment. Addressing atypical depression in a relationship calls for a comprehensive approach, blending individual therapies like CBT and medication with relationship-focused interventions such as couples therapy. 

Lifestyle modifications and a supportive social network also play vital roles in managing symptoms and improving relationship health. Ultimately, recognizing and effectively treating atypical depression not only benefits the individual but also fortifies the relationship, cultivating a deeper understanding, resilience, and a stronger bond between partners.